Near the end of a semester, Carleton University political science professor Gabriel Maracle decided to test his students' understanding by posing an uncomfortable question: "What would you think of your experience in this class if, two weeks after it ended, you found out that I was not Indigenous, but actually Italian-American?"
Dr. Maracle, an expert on Indigenous governance in Canada, raised the question to assess his students' understanding of Indigenous knowledge production, and to broach the thorny question of "pretendians" a term coined to designate those who falsely claim Indigenous heritage. His goal is to prepare students to tackle major challenges at the intersection of scientific integrity and Indigenization.
Near the end of a semester, Carleton University political science professor Gabriel Maracle decided to test his students' understanding by posing an uncomfortable question: "What would you think of your experience in this class if, two weeks after it ended, you found out that I was not Indigenous, but actually Italian-American?"








